Some differences between the theology of Calvin and Luther

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Nathan W. Bingham & Stephen Nichols
What Were Some of the Differences between Calvin and Luther’s Theology?
While Martin Luther and John Calvin agreed fundamentally on the gospel and biblical authority, they diverged on several important theological matters. In an Ask Ligonier podcast episode, Dr. Stephen Nichols explores these distinctions while emphasizing the deeper convictions that united these Protestant Reformers.

.. as you look at the two of them, there were disagreement concerned the relationship between church and state.
Luther held a somewhat negative view of civil magistracy, famously suggesting that failure at other pursuits could lead one to become a magistrate.
By contrast, Calvin elevated political office as a genuine Christian calling requiring believers to pursue excellence in service to God. This reflected broader differences in their understanding of secular authority...

Another difference impacted the liturgy : the worship and music in the the Church.
Calvin advocated for exclusive psalmody, believing that church worship should be limited to the Psalms as the biblical hymnal. Luther, however, embraced a broader view, composing hymns himself and understanding the importance of "psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs" as three distinct categories written and practiced in the Old - and New Testament communities.

The third area of divergence is the usage of the Law. Both Reformers acknowledged the Law's first use as a "schoolmaster" leading believers to Christ (as a paidagogos slave: Galatians 3:24-25) and accepted its civil use in governing society. However, Calvin granted the Law a more prominent positive role in Christian sanctification than Luther did.
Both Luther and Calvin demonstrated deep commitment to the solas (the Reformation's foundational principles), including sola scriptura and sola fide. They shared conviction about the church's call to faithful worship and recognized how theological commitments flow from that.


You can listen the podcast or read the Full article here :
Differences in Calvin and Luther’s Theology

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